No person shall be forced to give testimony on anything that may expose him to criminal liability. His refusal to testify on self-incriminating matters shall not be used as a presumption of guilt or taken as evidence against him.
This right shall apply not only to the accused but also to a witness. It can be invoked in criminal, civil, administrative, and legislative proceedings.
This right is purely personal and may be waived. It may not be invoked to protect the accused from public ridicule or from some liability not arising from any criminal action.
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